Roman engraved glass or gemstones (intaglios) were used mainly on signet rings, but they can also occasionally be found in brooches (e.g. For finger-rings with an engraved bezel that can be used for sealing (signet rings), use FINGER RING. Post Actium the future Augustus shows up on the coins laureate… I sure someone has written about that. All seal matrices should be recorded as SEAL MATRIX. None of the many other living Romans who put their own portraits on the coins are depicted laureate, nor are their ancestors.Īnyway. Caesar is only laureate after death and we should probably take it as a Roman symbol of his divine status. After this minor gods or divine personification are made laureate on specific issues for reasons we may not fully understand. Things only get interesting with the introduction of the laureate Venus in the mid 50s to represent Pompey’s Venus Victrix. Neptune gets to be laureate when he appears, unsurprising giving his divine status. Traditional senior male gods are laureate through out the period and going back to the very start of the republic. But it does a better job of showing change over time. This next graph below is hard to read at this scale. This doesn’t say anything very meaningful. In this next Graph I removed all bronze and planned to restrict coin types to those at 146 BCE, but there are no silver or gold issues with laureate heads between 170 BCE and 119 BCE.īut I still want better data visualization. The art of engraving reached its peak during Hellenistic and Roman times, so. In our online shop, you can buy seals from different time periods: cylinder and stamp seals of the ancient Near East, famous Egyptian scarab seals as well as Sassanian stamp seals.
Also Crawford’s numerous sub types can inflate representation. Ancient techniques of hardstone engraving resulted in fascinating pieces of art, like cylinder seals, scarab seals, cameos and intaglios. It makes no difference of change over time and does not take into account differences between silver and the much more conservative bronze. These are all the individual types counted. I’m trying to consider the republican evidence We all know emperors on Roman coins are laureate.